Investment Decisions & Techniques
1. Capital Budgeting Techniques
- Non-Discounted Techniques:
- Payback Period: Time required to recover the initial project outlay.
- Accounting Rate of Return (ARR): Average accounting profit divided by average investment.
- Discounted Techniques:
- Net Present Value (NPV): Sum of present values of cash inflows minus cash outflows. Accept if $NPV > 0$.
- Internal Rate of Return (IRR): The discount rate where $NPV = 0$.
2. Cost of Capital
The minimum return a company must earn on its projects to maintain market value and satisfy its investors.